Java - Operators

Java provides a rich set of operators to manipulate variables. We can divide all the Java operators into the following groups:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Logical Operators
• Assignment Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical like addition, subtraction etc. The following table lists the arithmetic operators:

Assume that int X = 10 and int Y = 20

Operators	Description
+	Addition – Adds values on either side of the operator
-	Subtraction – Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand
*	Multiplication – Multiplies values on either side of the operand
/	Division - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand
%	Modulus - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder
++	Increment - Increase the value of operand by 1
--	Decrement - Decrease the value of operand by 1

Example:

public class Main{
 public static void main(String args[]{
  Int X = 10;
  Int Y = 20;
  System.out.println("Addition (X+Y) = "+(X+Y)); // return 30
  System.out.println("Subtraction  (X-Y) = "+(X-Y)); // return -10
  System.out.println("Multiplication (X*Y) = "+(X*Y)); // return 200
  System.out.println("Division (Y/X) = "+(Y/X)); // return 2
  System.out.println("Addition (Y%X) = "+(Y%X)); // return 0
  Y++;
  System.out.println("Increment Y = "+Y); // return 21
  X--;
  System.out.println("Decrement X = "+X); // return 9
 }
}

Relational Operators

There are following relational operators supported by Java language like ==, ! = etc.

Assume variable X=10 and variable Y=20 then:

Operator	Description
==	Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.
!=	Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.
>	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
<	Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
>=	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
<=	Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

Example :

public class Main{
  public static void main(String args[]){
  int X = 10;
  int Y = 20;
  System.out.println("(X == Y) = "+(X == Y));
  System.out.println("(X != Y) = "+(X != Y));
  System.out.println("(X > Y) = "+(X > Y));
  System.out.println("(X < Y) = "+(X < Y));
  System.out.println("(X >= Y) = "+(X >= Y));
  System.out.println("(X <= Y) = "+(X <= Y));
 }
}

Bitwise Operators

Java defines several bitwise operators like &, | etc which can be applied to the integer types(long, int, short, char, and byte).

Bitwise operator works on bits(0 or 1) and perform bit by bit operation. Assume if x = 60; and y = 13; Now in binary format they will be as follows:

x = 0011 1100

y = 0000 1101

-----------------

x&y = 0000 1100

x|y =   0011 1101

x^y =  0011 0001

~x =    1100 0011

The following table lists the bitwise operators:

Assume integer variable X=60 and variable Y=13 then:

Operator	Description
&	Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.
|	Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in eather operand.
^	Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.
~	Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits.
<<	Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
>>	Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
>>>	Shift right zero fill operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values are filled up with zeros.

Example :

public class Main{
 public static void main(String args[]){
  int X = 60;
  int Y = 13;
  System.out.println("(X & Y) = "+(X & Y));
  System.out.println("(X | Y) = "+(X | Y));
  System.out.println("(X ^ Y) = "+(X ^ Y));
  System.out.println("(~X) = "+(~X));
  System.out.println("(X << Y) = "+(X << 2));
  System.out.println("(X >> Y) = "+(X >> 3));
  System.out.println("(X >>> Y) = "+(X >>> 1));
 }
}

Logical Operators

The following table lists the logical operators like &&, || etc. This logical operator use for join two condition.

Assume boolean variables X=true and variable Y=false then:

Operator	Description
&&	Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non zero then then condition becomes true.
||	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non zero then then condition becomes true.
!	Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false.

Example:

public class Main{
 public static void main(String args[]){
  int X = 60;
  int Y = 13;
  if((X == Y) && (X != Y)){
   System.out.println("True");
  }else{
   System.out.println("False");
  }
  if((X == Y) || (X != Y)){
   System.out.println("True");
  }
  else{
   System.out.println("False");
  }
 }
}

Assignment Operators

There are following assignment operators supported by Java language:

Operator	Description
=	Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand
+=	Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand
-=	Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand
*=	Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand
/=	Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand
%=	Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand
<<=	Left shift AND assignment operator
>>=	Right shift AND assignment operator
&=	Bitwise AND assignment operator
^=	Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator
|=	Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator

Example:

public class Main{
        public static void main(String args[]){
  int X = 60;
  int Y = 13;
  X += 1;
  System.out.println("X+=1 : "+X);
  Y<<=1;
  System.out.println("Y<<=1 : "+Y);
  /* Return 26 : 13(binary - 00001101) shift one bit left means 26(00011010) */
 }
}